Sequential rule
Assimilation rule
Deletion rule
Vowel reduction rule
Phonetics is the study of physical properties of speech
sounds. It is the study of actual sounds. (concrete,
parole, speech act, Phone[ ])
Phonology accounts for how speech sounds are combined,
organized, and convey meaning in particular languages. It
tries to describe the regularities of sound patternsA phone is the smallest identifiable unit found in a stream
of speech.
A phoneme is a minimal unit that serves to distinguish
between meanings of words.
Allophones are the phones that can represent a phoneme in
different phonetic environments.
An allophone is a phonetic variant of a
phoneme in a particular language.English speech sounds are generally classified into
two large categories:
Vowels
Consonants
Note: The essential difference between these two
classes is that in the production of the former the
Air-stream meets with no obstruction of any kind in
the throat, the nose or the mouth, while in that of the
latter it is somehow obstructed.Classification of consonantsEnglish consonants may be classified according
to two dimensions:
The place of articulation
The manner of articulationSequential rules ---- Every language has certain
permitted sequences of sounds.
A stop is not permitted after a stop consonant like /p/,
/b/, /k/ or /g/.
When a word begins with /l/ or /r/, the next phoneme
must be a vowel. Assimilation rule----assimilates one sound to another by "copying" a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones similar, e.g.
a vowel is nasalized before a nasal consonant: cap/can; tap/tan
the prefix in is pronounced differently when in
different phonetic contexts: indiscreet, inconceivable,
input
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